| N | Mean Age | SD Age | Age Range | Mean Gaming (Hrs/Week) | SD Gaming |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 28 | 8.8 | 18 - 42 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
XR Adaptive Modality: Experiment Report
1. Executive Summary
This report analyzes 7 participants performing Fitts’ law pointing tasks across two input modalities (Hand, Gaze) and two UI modes (Static, Adaptive).
Key Findings
- Total Trials Analyzed: 1306 valid trials (correct responses, RT 150-6000ms)
- Total Trials Collected: 1485
- Overall Error Rate: 12%
- Mean Throughput: 2.91 bits/s (SD = 0.74)
- Mean Movement Time: 1.277s (SD = 0.516s)
2. Demographics
Overall Demographics
By Gender
| gender | Count | Avg Age | SD Age | Avg Gaming (Hrs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| female | 1 | 28 | NA | 0 |
| male | 6 | 28 | 9.6 | 1 |
Input Device Distribution
| input_device | Count | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| mouse | 7 | 100 |
3. Primary Analysis: Throughput
Research Question: Does the Adaptive UI improve performance (Throughput) compared to Static, especially for Gaze?
Summary Statistics
| modality | ui_mode | pressure | N | Mean | SD | Median | Q25 | Q75 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | 1 | 21 | 3.16 | 0.69 | 3.22 | 2.72 | 3.60 |
| hand | adaptive | 1 | 21 | 3.19 | 0.73 | 3.22 | 2.57 | 3.81 |
| gaze | static | 1 | 21 | 2.72 | 0.61 | 2.72 | 2.38 | 3.03 |
| gaze | adaptive | 1 | 21 | 2.57 | 0.74 | 2.52 | 2.02 | 3.10 |
Visualizations
Statistical Model Results
⚠ **Statistical model could not be fitted for Throughput.**
**Reason:** Model fitting failed: contrasts can be applied only to factors with 2 or more levels
**Diagnostics:**
- Participants: 7
- Total trials: 84
- Conditions: 4
- Minimum trials per condition: 21
- Empty conditions: 0
**Trials per condition:**
# A tibble: 4 × 4
modality ui_mode pressure n
<fct> <fct> <fct> <int>
1 hand static 1 21
2 hand adaptive 1 21
3 gaze static 1 21
4 gaze adaptive 1 21
4. Movement Time Analysis
Research Question: How does movement time vary across conditions?
Summary Statistics
| modality | ui_mode | pressure | N | Mean | SD | Median |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | 1 | 358 | 1.195 | 0.391 | 1.119 |
| hand | adaptive | 1 | 362 | 1.160 | 0.296 | 1.110 |
| gaze | static | 1 | 285 | 1.334 | 0.501 | 1.215 |
| gaze | adaptive | 1 | 301 | 1.460 | 0.757 | 1.212 |
Visualizations
Statistical Model Results
⚠ **Statistical model could not be fitted for Movement Time.**
**Reason:** Model fitting failed: contrasts can be applied only to factors with 2 or more levels
**Diagnostics:**
- Participants: 7
- Total trials: 1306
- Conditions: 4
- Minimum trials per condition: 285
- Empty conditions: 0
**Trials per condition:**
# A tibble: 4 × 4
modality ui_mode pressure n
<fct> <fct> <fct> <int>
1 hand static 1 358
2 hand adaptive 1 362
3 gaze static 1 285
4 gaze adaptive 1 301
5. Fitts’ Law Modelling
Research Question: How well does the data fit Fitts’ Law? (Linearity check). Flatter slopes indicate less sensitivity to difficulty (ballistic movement).
### Model Fit Statistics
| modality | ui_mode | r_squared | slope | intercept |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | 0.709 | 0.190 | 0.464 |
| hand | adaptive | 0.820 | 0.154 | 0.576 |
| gaze | static | 0.617 | 0.240 | 0.468 |
| gaze | adaptive | 0.464 | 0.357 | 0.198 |
6. Error Rate Analysis
Research Question: How do error rates differ across conditions?
| modality | ui_mode | pressure | Total | Errors | Error_Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | 1 | 378 | 20 | 5.29 |
| hand | adaptive | 1 | 378 | 16 | 4.23 |
| gaze | static | 1 | 351 | 66 | 18.80 |
| gaze | adaptive | 1 | 378 | 77 | 20.37 |
Error Rate by Modality and UI Mode. Lower values indicate fewer errors. Error rate is calculated as the percentage of trials with incorrect selections (misses, timeouts, or false activations). White diamonds show mean values. Violin plots show the distribution shape, boxplots show quartiles.
Statistical Model Results
⚠ **Statistical model could not be fitted for Error Rate.**
**Reason:** Model fitting failed: contrasts can be applied only to factors with 2 or more levels
**Diagnostics:**
- Participants: 7
- Total trials: 1485
- Conditions: 4
- Minimum trials per condition: 351
- Empty conditions: 0
- Overall error rate: 12.1 %
**Trials per condition:**
# A tibble: 4 × 4
modality ui_mode pressure n
<fct> <fct> <fct> <int>
1 hand static 1 378
2 hand adaptive 1 378
3 gaze static 1 351
4 gaze adaptive 1 378
7. Accuracy & Gaze Dynamics
Effective Width (\(W_e\))
Lower \(W_e\) indicates tighter shot grouping (higher precision).
| modality | ui_mode | pressure | Mean_We | SD_We |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | 1 | 34.07 | 20.05 |
| hand | adaptive | 1 | 35.47 | 22.51 |
| gaze | static | 1 | 36.91 | 18.32 |
| gaze | adaptive | 1 | 37.80 | 17.75 |
Endpoint Accuracy Scatter Plot
Visualization of endpoint errors relative to target center. Each point represents one trial’s endpoint position.
| ui_mode | pressure | N | Mean_Error | SD_Error | Median_Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| static | 1 | 285 | 12.29 | 8.09 | 10.41 |
| adaptive | 1 | 301 | 12.48 | 7.98 | 10.88 |
The “Midas Touch” Struggle
Target Re-entries measure how often the cursor drifted out of the target before selection.
| modality | ui_mode | pressure | Mean_Reentries | SD_Reentries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| hand | adaptive | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| gaze | static | 1 | 1.99 | 0.91 |
| gaze | adaptive | 1 | 2.11 | 0.91 |
8. Workload (NASA-TLX)
Subjective workload scores (lower is better).
9. Learning Curves & Practice Effects
Research Question: How does performance change within each condition? Do learning rates differ by condition?
This section shows learning curves aligned by condition start (accounting for Williams counterbalancing). For block-level trends, see Section 12.
| Modality | UI Mode | Pressure | N Positions | Mean RT (s) | Mean Error Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand | Static | ON | 27 | 1.194 | 0.0529 |
| Hand | Adaptive | ON | 27 | 1.161 | 0.0423 |
| Gaze | Static | ON | 27 | 1.330 | 0.1880 |
| Gaze | Adaptive | ON | 27 | 1.462 | 0.2037 |
| Modality | UI Mode | Pressure | N Positions | Mean Error Rate | Min Error Rate | Max Error Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand | Static | ON | 27 | 5.29% | 0.00% | 14.29% |
| Hand | Adaptive | ON | 27 | 4.23% | 0.00% | 14.29% |
| Gaze | Static | ON | 27 | 18.80% | 0.00% | 46.15% |
| Gaze | Adaptive | ON | 27 | 20.37% | 7.14% | 42.86% |
Note: Data aligned by position within condition to account for Williams counterbalancing. For block-level trends, see Section 12: Block Order & Temporal Effects.
10. Movement Quality Metrics
Submovement Analysis
Research Question: Does adaptive UI reduce movement corrections? How do submovements relate to performance?
Submovements indicate intermittent control - fewer submovements suggest smoother, more ballistic movements.
⚠ submovement_count column not found in dataset.
Verification Time Analysis
Research Question: How much time is spent “stopping” vs. “moving”? Does adaptive UI reduce verification time?
Verification time represents the “precise stopping” phase, separate from the ballistic movement phase.
11. Error Patterns & Types
Research Question: What types of errors occur? Do error patterns differ by condition?
| modality | ui_mode | pressure | err_type | Count | Total | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | 1 | miss | 19 | 20 | 95.0 |
| hand | static | 1 | timeout | 1 | 20 | 5.0 |
| hand | adaptive | 1 | miss | 16 | 16 | 100.0 |
| gaze | static | 1 | slip | 66 | 66 | 100.0 |
| gaze | adaptive | 1 | timeout | 1 | 77 | 1.3 |
| gaze | adaptive | 1 | slip | 76 | 77 | 98.7 |
12. Block Order & Temporal Effects
Research Question: Are there order effects? Does performance improve or degrade over blocks?
| Modality | UI Mode | Pressure | N Blocks | Mean Error Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand | Static | ON | 6 | 5.56% |
| Hand | Adaptive | ON | 6 | 4.28% |
| Gaze | Static | ON | 5 | 19.44% |
| Gaze | Adaptive | ON | 6 | 16.69% |
Performance Across Blocks: Movement Time. Movement time by block number. Lower is better. Shaded regions show ±1 SE.
13. Spatial Patterns & Heatmaps
Research Question: Are there spatial biases in performance? Do some screen regions show better/worse performance?
Performance by Target Position
Error Density Heatmap
Where do endpoint errors occur? Are there systematic spatial biases?
14. Adaptive UI Mechanism Analysis
Width Scaling (Target Size Adaptation)
Research Question: Does the adaptive UI dynamically change target sizes? How does width scaling relate to performance?
The adaptive UI may scale target widths based on performance. This section examines whether and how target sizes are adjusted.
⚠ Width scaling columns not found in dataset.
Alignment Gate Metrics
Research Question: If alignment gates are used, how do they affect performance? How often are false triggers detected?
Alignment gates may be used to ensure proper cursor alignment before selection. This section examines their usage and effectiveness.
⚠ Alignment gate columns not found in dataset.
Task Type Analysis
Research Question: Are there different task types (point vs. drag)? How does performance differ across task types?
If the experiment includes different task types, this section examines performance differences.
⚠ task_type column not found in dataset.
15. Gaze-Specific Analysis
Hover Time (Dwell Duration)
Research Question: How long do people hover before confirming? Does adaptive UI change dwell behavior?
For gaze modality, hover time represents the dwell duration before confirmation.
⚠ No valid hover time data available for gaze modality.
16. Summary & Conclusions
Key Findings Summary
| modality | ui_mode | Metric | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand | static | Effective Width (px) | 34.070 | 20.050 |
| hand | adaptive | Effective Width (px) | 35.470 | 22.510 |
| gaze | static | Effective Width (px) | 36.910 | 18.320 |
| gaze | adaptive | Effective Width (px) | 37.800 | 17.750 |
| hand | static | Error Rate (%) | 5.290 | 22.420 |
| hand | adaptive | Error Rate (%) | 4.230 | 20.160 |
| gaze | static | Error Rate (%) | 18.800 | 39.130 |
| gaze | adaptive | Error Rate (%) | 20.370 | 40.330 |
| hand | static | Movement Time (s) | 1.195 | 0.391 |
| hand | adaptive | Movement Time (s) | 1.160 | 0.296 |
| gaze | static | Movement Time (s) | 1.334 | 0.501 |
| gaze | adaptive | Movement Time (s) | 1.460 | 0.757 |
| hand | static | Throughput (bits/s) | 3.160 | 0.690 |
| hand | adaptive | Throughput (bits/s) | 3.190 | 0.730 |
| gaze | static | Throughput (bits/s) | 2.720 | 0.610 |
| gaze | adaptive | Throughput (bits/s) | 2.570 | 0.740 |
Data Quality Notes
- Participants: 7
- Valid Trials: 1306 (out of 1485 total experimental trials)
- Exclusion Rate: 12% (due to errors, timeouts, or invalid RTs)
- Trials per Participant: Mean = 186.6, Range = 164 - 209